What are tophi?

Tophi are subcutaneous nodules that form as a result of the deposition of urate crystals in tissues, particularly in individuals with chronic gout. Gout occurs when there is an excess of uric acid in the blood, leading to the crystallization of urate, which can accumulate in various tissues. These nodules can appear around joints, in the ear, or at other sites, and their presence is a hallmark of advanced gout.

The formation of tophi indicates a chronic condition and can be associated with painful flares of arthritis, as well as potential damage to surrounding tissues. This characteristic features the body’s reaction to the persistent presence of these crystals, which can trigger inflammatory responses. Understanding the formation and implications of tophi is essential in recognizing the severity and management of gout.

Other options represent different conditions or anatomical features unrelated to tophi. Small bone spurs are typically related to bone growth and can occur in various musculoskeletal diseases. Fluid-filled cysts are generally not related to crystal deposition but can be formations like ganglion cysts. Muscle fiber masses refer to conditions affecting muscles, not related to the crystallization of urate.