What condition is characterized by the reduction of bone density?

Osteoporosis is characterized by a reduction in bone density, which leads to increased fragility and a higher risk of fractures. This condition occurs when the formation of new bone does not keep pace with the removal of old bone, resulting in the structural weakening of bones. Factors such as aging, hormonal changes (particularly in postmenopausal women), nutritional deficiencies (like calcium and vitamin D), and a lack of physical activity contribute to the development of osteoporosis.

In contrast, arthritis mainly refers to inflammation of the joints, which affects joint tissues but does not specifically entail a reduction in bone density itself. Osteomalacia involves the softening of bones due to vitamin D deficiency, affecting bone mineralization, while rickets, which is primarily seen in children, is also due to a deficiency of vitamin D, calcium, or phosphate, leading to inadequate bone mineralization and bowed legs. Both osteomalacia and rickets do impact bone quality, but they do not solely define the characteristic of reduced bone density as osteoporosis does.