What is osteomyelitis?

Osteomyelitis is classified as a bone infection, which is characterized by the presence of infection within the bone tissue. This condition typically arises when bacteria or fungi enter the bone through various pathways, such as through an open fracture, surgery, or from infections elsewhere in the body that spread to the bone through the bloodstream. The infection can lead to inflammation, pain, and bone necrosis if not treated appropriately.

The hallmark of osteomyelitis is its ability to cause significant morbidity because it can lead to chronic infection, bone damage, and complications such as sepsis if systemic infection occurs. Treatment often involves a combination of antibiotics and, in some cases, surgery to remove infected tissue. Understanding osteomyelitis is essential for recognizing its clinical manifestation, its risk factors (such as diabetes, intravenous drug use, or recent surgery), and appropriate management strategies.